Complete Spanish

Track 62

1. dar switches sides in the point past Grammar

Dar is an -ar verb, but in this tense it behaves like an -er or -ir verb. It is the only verb in the language with this particular peculiarity.

di
I gave
dio
he/she/it gave
dimos
we gave

Me dio · Me lo dio · Nos lo dio · No nos lo dio · Te lo di

2. Two l-words together become se lo Rule

Spanish does not like the sound of two of these little l-words side by side. Where you would have le lo, the first turns into se.

le lo / les lo / le los → se lo, se los

This is purely about sound, not grammar. It changes no meaning, and it has nothing to do with the se that means himself.

Se lo di · Se los di · Se lo vendí · Se lo envió

Which does mean se lo di covers a lot of ground: I gave it to him, to her, to you formally, to them, to you guys.

3. Clarify with a, and repeat Rule

Because of all that ambiguity, you often want to clarify. The method is simple and, for a learner, generous: you keep the whole sentence and add the clarification on the end.

Se lo vendí a él.

You do not drop the le or se when you add a él. You repeat. So there is no need to restructure the sentence, and the base stays untouched.

Le di algo a él · Le di algo a ella · Le di algo a usted · Se los vendí a ella · Se las vendí a ellos · Él se lo envió a ella

a
repeat: me lo compra a mí
para, por
no repeat: lo compra para mí

This a is special because it is flexible: it can stand in for other prepositions too. Me lo compra a mí can be from me or for me. That is probably why it is the one that repeats.

4. Start with the verb, always Method

Asked for I gave you it, the student's mind jumps to you gave. The remedy is the one from the very beginning of the course.

What is your first thought? I gave. Settle that, and the rest flows off it.

5. Building outward from a fixed core Grammar

A useful way to see these sentences: there is a base structure, and you clarify around it without disturbing it.

se lo envió · él se lo envió · se lo envió a ella · él se lo envió a ella

No se lo envió a ustedes todavía · No sé si se lo envié

6. Understand it, do not memorise it Method

The teacher closes with this explicitly, about these very specific details of the language.

Do not worry or stress about remembering or memorising them. As long as you are actively listening and analysing the Spanish you expose yourself to, you will notice it again for yourself, with the skills built during this course. The focus is to understand it, not to memorise it.