Complete Spanish

Track 72

1. Commands use the mood tense Rule

Giving orders is another obligatory use, with one exception covered below. Build the ordinary form and then switch the vowel.

no te quedas (you don't stay) → no te quedes (don't stay!)

No hables · No te quedes aquí · No lo des · No se lo des · No los esperen · No lo coma · No lo comas · No lo coman

Coman · Esperen · Coma · Compren lo que falta

2. Positive commands put the little word on the end Rule

The one place the position rule inverts. With positive commands, telling somebody to do something rather than not to, the little words attach to the end of the verb, written as one word.

espérenme
wait for me
no los esperen
don't wait for them

Espérenlo · Espérenlos · Cómalo · Cómanlo · Olvídelo · Olvídese

This helps your ear. The vowel change alone is a small thing to catch by sound, so having me or lo after the verb is a second signal that you are hearing a command.

3. The exception: informal positive commands Rule

Telling people informally what to do is such constant, everyday speech that the mood tense felt too heavy for it. So Spanish took a shortcut: drop the s from the informal you form.

compras → drop the s → compra

That makes it identical to the he/she/it form, but it causes no real confusion: your tone of voice and the context are always present, and the little word on the end marks it as an order.

Cómpralo · Cómpramelo · Olvídalo · Olvídate · Cómelo · Véndelo · Cállate

Think of it as taking off the s, so you keep the association with informal you.

4. Negative goes back to the mood tense Heads-up

The shortcut is only for positive commands. Make it negative and you need the mood tense again.

cómelo
eat it (informal)
no lo comas
don't eat it (informal)

Véndelo but no lo vendas · Olvídalo but no lo olvides · Cállate but cállense (plural, so mood tense)

5. "Let's" commands Grammar

The "we" form of the mood tense gives you let's.

No lo olvidemos (let's not forget it) · No nos olvidemos (let's not forget)

6. New vocabulary Vocabulary

ahí / allí
there (barely any difference)
callar
to quiet
callarse
to shut up (not polite)
olvidar
to forget (English oblivion)

Olvidar is a verb that does not like to be alone: it wants you to say what is forgotten. So lo olvido is fine, but for a bare I forget you need me olvido. You can also use both: no te lo olvides.

No se olviden · No lo olviden · Compren lo que hace falta